"heynous" meaning in Middle English

See heynous in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /hɛːˈnuːs/, /hæi̯ˈnuːs/, /ˈhɛːnus/, /ˈhæi̯nus/ (note: with stress shift) Forms: heynous . [canonical], hanyous [alternative], haynous [alternative], haynouse [alternative], heighnoux [alternative], heynowes [alternative], henyouse [alternative, Ireland], heynȝous [alternative, Northern]
Etymology: Borrowed from Anglo-Norman hainous, heinous (continental Old French haïnos), from haïr (“to hate”) + -os (“-ous”). First attested in c. 1425. Forms such as hanyous, henyouse, and heynȝous either reflect replacement of the suffix with its variant -ious or analogy of the variation between e.g. ponyaunt and poynaunt, while the form heighnoux reflects alteration after heigh (“high”). Etymology templates: {{bor+|enm|xno|hainous}} Borrowed from Anglo-Norman hainous, {{m+|fro|haïnos}} Old French haïnos, {{af|fro|haïr|-os|nocat=1|t1=to hate|t2=-ous}} haïr (“to hate”) + -os (“-ous”), {{etydate|c|1425}} First attested in c. 1425 Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective||{{{1}}}||{{{2}}}||{{{comp2}}}||{{{3}}}||{{{sup2}}}|f3l=|f5l=|head=}} heynous, {{enm-adj}} heynous
  1. Heinous, reprehensible; deserving severe condemnation. Tags: Late-Middle-English
    Sense id: en-heynous-enm-adj-DD9c24hQ Categories (other): Late Middle English, Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Late Middle English: 15 43 42 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 28 37 35
  2. (rare) Hateful; displaying hatred Tags: Late-Middle-English, rare
    Sense id: en-heynous-enm-adj-bmi-8DqC Categories (other): Late Middle English, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Ethics, Hatred Disambiguation of Late Middle English: 15 43 42 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 28 37 35 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 27 44 29 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 13 73 14 Disambiguation of Ethics: 30 44 26 Disambiguation of Hatred: 23 77 0
  3. (rare) Infamous; having a bad reputation. Tags: Late-Middle-English, rare
    Sense id: en-heynous-enm-adj-xxECv2zo Categories (other): Late Middle English, Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Late Middle English: 15 43 42 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 28 37 35

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Scots",
          "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "haynous"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle Scots",
          "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "hynous"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "heinous"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "xno",
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      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "haïnos"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French haïnos",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "haïr",
        "3": "-os",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "to hate",
        "t2": "-ous"
      },
      "expansion": "haïr (“to hate”) + -os (“-ous”)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "2": "1425"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in c. 1425",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman hainous, heinous (continental Old French haïnos), from haïr (“to hate”) + -os (“-ous”). First attested in c. 1425.\nForms such as hanyous, henyouse, and heynȝous either reflect replacement of the suffix with its variant -ious or analogy of the variation between e.g. ponyaunt and poynaunt, while the form heighnoux reflects alteration after heigh (“high”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "heynous .",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hanyous",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haynous",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haynouse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heighnoux",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heynowes",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "henyouse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heynȝous",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "10": "{{{3}}}",
        "11": "",
        "12": "{{{sup2}}}",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{comp2}}}",
        "9": "",
        "f3l": "",
        "f5l": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "heynous",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "heynous",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 43 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 37 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Heinous, reprehensible; deserving severe condemnation."
      ],
      "id": "en-heynous-enm-adj-DD9c24hQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Heinous",
          "heinous"
        ],
        [
          "reprehensible",
          "reprehensible"
        ],
        [
          "deserving",
          "deserve"
        ],
        [
          "severe",
          "severe"
        ],
        [
          "condemnation",
          "condemnation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 43 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 37 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 44 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 73 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 44 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Ethics",
          "orig": "enm:Ethics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 77 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Hatred",
          "orig": "enm:Hatred",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hateful; displaying hatred"
      ],
      "id": "en-heynous-enm-adj-bmi-8DqC",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hateful",
          "hateful"
        ],
        [
          "displaying",
          "displaying"
        ],
        [
          "hatred",
          "hatred"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Hateful; displaying hatred"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 43 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 37 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Infamous; having a bad reputation."
      ],
      "id": "en-heynous-enm-adj-xxECv2zo",
      "links": [
        [
          "Infamous",
          "infamous"
        ],
        [
          "having",
          "having"
        ],
        [
          "bad",
          "bad"
        ],
        [
          "reputation",
          "reputation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Infamous; having a bad reputation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/hɛːˈnuːs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hæi̯ˈnuːs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɛːnus/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhæi̯nus/",
      "note": "with stress shift"
    }
  ],
  "word": "heynous"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Late Middle English",
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Ethics",
    "enm:Hatred"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Scots",
          "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "haynous"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle Scots",
          "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "hynous"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "heinous"
    }
  ],
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      "expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman hainous",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "haïnos"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French haïnos",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "haïr",
        "3": "-os",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "to hate",
        "t2": "-ous"
      },
      "expansion": "haïr (“to hate”) + -os (“-ous”)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "2": "1425"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in c. 1425",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman hainous, heinous (continental Old French haïnos), from haïr (“to hate”) + -os (“-ous”). First attested in c. 1425.\nForms such as hanyous, henyouse, and heynȝous either reflect replacement of the suffix with its variant -ious or analogy of the variation between e.g. ponyaunt and poynaunt, while the form heighnoux reflects alteration after heigh (“high”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "heynous .",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hanyous",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haynous",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haynouse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heighnoux",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heynowes",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "henyouse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "heynȝous",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
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        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{comp2}}}",
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        "f3l": "",
        "f5l": "",
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      "expansion": "heynous",
      "name": "head"
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "heynous",
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  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Heinous, reprehensible; deserving severe condemnation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Heinous",
          "heinous"
        ],
        [
          "reprehensible",
          "reprehensible"
        ],
        [
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          "deserve"
        ],
        [
          "severe",
          "severe"
        ],
        [
          "condemnation",
          "condemnation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hateful; displaying hatred"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hateful",
          "hateful"
        ],
        [
          "displaying",
          "displaying"
        ],
        [
          "hatred",
          "hatred"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Hateful; displaying hatred"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Infamous; having a bad reputation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Infamous",
          "infamous"
        ],
        [
          "having",
          "having"
        ],
        [
          "bad",
          "bad"
        ],
        [
          "reputation",
          "reputation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Infamous; having a bad reputation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/hɛːˈnuːs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hæi̯ˈnuːs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɛːnus/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhæi̯nus/",
      "note": "with stress shift"
    }
  ],
  "word": "heynous"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.